Summary Reader Response Draft 4
The article “Spray-On, Rinse-Off
Food ‘Wrapper’ Can Cut Plastic Packaging”, (Jones, 2022) introduced a new kind
of wrapper that can be sprayed on fruits and vegetables. Food packaging is
important in preserving and distributing many kinds of foods, but it also
produces plastic waste, which threatens wildlife and contaminates our drinking
water (Jones, 2022). Jones also mentioned that the new wrapper can be easily
removed by rinsing it with just water. Because of this ability to dissolve in
water, the packaging has little to no need to be recycled. This amazing new
coating is made from an edible fiber called pullulan, which uses two naturally
derived antimicrobial agents, citric acid, and thyme oil as well as a
bacterially produced compound called nisin (Jones, 2022). Jones stated that all
the ingredients are deemed fit for human consumption by the U.S. Food and Drug
Administration based on the quantity of the ingredients used in their
production. Not only is the pullulan fiber coating non-toxic and safe to eat,
it also has anti-microbial properties to help kill disease-causing microbes
from getting into the food. With its superior qualities, the pullulan fiber
coating should replace traditional plastic wrappers as it is sustainable,
non-toxic, and anti-microbial.
An advantage that the pullulan
fiber coating has over traditional plastic wrappers is its sustainability as it
does not contribute to environmental pollution. According to the webpage by
FoodPrint, after a plastic wrapper is used and discarded it usually either
becomes part of a landfill or gets carried along by wind and water currents
into the environment ("The environmental impact", 2020). The webpage
by Chariot Energy mentions that normal plastic wrappers can take anywhere
between 20 to 500 years to break down ("How long does", 2021). If
left unchecked, plastic pollution would just keep on piling up until
environmental preservation efforts are forced to be employed, which can cost a
lot of manpower and money. The bio-degradable pullulan fiber coating, on the
other hand, would simply dissolve into the soil after around 3 days (Jones,
2022). This means that even if the coated food is discarded improperly, the
coating would just break down on its own, while the food would just rot. This
saves time and manpower on environmental preservation efforts. This ability to
dissolve after around 3 days is what makes it sustainable and environmentally
friendly as compared to traditional plastic wrappers.
Another advantage the pullulan
fiber coating has over traditional plastic wrappers is that it is non-toxic. A
study by Harvard Health Publishing says that some chemicals can seep out of
plastic and into food and beverages ("Is plastic a", 2019). A few of
these chemicals can cause health problems like metabolic disorders and
decreased fertility ("Is plastic a", 2019). Pullulan fiber coating,
on the other hand, is non-toxic because of its naturally derived ingredients.
As a bonus, pullulan fiber is edible. So, if someone like a child were to
accidentally ingest the food without taking off its wrapper first, there is
minimal risk of choking and poisoning compared to traditional plastic wrappers.
The non-toxic property of the pullulan fiber coating puts it ahead of
traditional plastic wrappers in terms of consumer safety. Additionally, the
pullulan fiber coating is also anti-microbial, which helps to fight against
foodborne illnesses. The pullulan coating contains two known anti-microbial
agents, citric acid, and thyme oil. This helps to keep the food fresh for
longer as it stops the growth of bacteria in the food. According to the journal
published by the National Library of Medicine, some microbes are strong enough
to survive on plastic packaging for an extended period of time (Siroli et al.,
2017). This anti-microbial property of the pullulan fiber coating is essential
for fighting off foodborne illnesses.
As great as pullulan fiber
coating can be, it is not without its flaws. The biggest problem with the
pullulan fiber coating right now is its very high cost of production, and it is
the reason why it hasn't replaced traditional plastic wrappers yet. Pullulan
fiber production can cost between 25 and 30 USD/kg, which is already more than
most biopolymers available on the market (Farris et al., 2014). Traditional
plastic wrappers are still cheaper to produce, and this is the reason why it's
still used to this day worldwide.
In conclusion, the superior qualities
of the pullulan fiber coating put it ahead of traditional plastic wrappers.
Pullulan fiber coating is equipped to handle sustainability and disease-causing
micro-organisms while being non-toxic to humans. However, due to its relatively
high cost of production, it is not expected to replace traditional plastic
wrappers anytime soon.
References:
Farris, S., Uysal, U., Introzzi,
L., Fuentes-Alventosa, J., & Cozzolino, C., (2014, February 22)
Pullulan‐based films and coatings for food packaging: Present applications
emerging opportunities and future challenges. Journal of Applied Polymer
Science. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/app.40539
How long does it take for plastic
to decompose? (2022, October 20). Chariot Energy. https://chariotenergy.com/blog/how-long-until-plastic-decomposes/
Is plastic a threat to your
health? (2019, December 1). Harvard Health. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/is-plastic-a-threat-to-your-health
Jones, S. (2022, June 24).
Spray-on, rinse-off food 'wrapper' can cut plastic packaging. Scientific
American.
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/spray-on-rinse-off-food-lsquo-wrapper-rsquo-can-cut-plastic-packaging/
Rai, M., Wypij, M., Ingle, A. P.,
Trzcińska-Wencel, J., & Golińska, P. (2021). Emerging Trends in
Pullulan-Based Antimicrobial Systems for Various Applications. International
Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(24), 13596. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222413596
Siroli, L., Patrignani, F.,
Serrazanetti, D. I., Chiavari, C., Benevelli, M., Grazia, L., & Lanciotti,
R. (2017). Survival of Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms on Cardboard and
Plastic Packaging Materials. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 2606.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02606
The environmental impact of Food
Packaging. (2020, November 13). FoodPrint. https://foodprint.org/issues/the-environmental-impact-of-food-packaging/
Thanks, Hong Xian, for this revision.
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